The following statements are about the internet. Please indicate if the sentence is true or untrue, according to you. If you don't know, please choose 'I don't know'. You don't have to guess. If you don't understand the question, please choose 'I don't understand the question.' Nearly everyone will not know or understand questions. This is normal and something that we want to know.
The Knowledge section measures what participants know about the digital world: how it works, what risks it involves, and how different technologies affect everyday life. These items test factual understanding across topics such as information reliability, communication and privacy, online safety, AI, and generative AI. Respondents indicate whether each statement is true or false (or if they don’t know), allowing us to assess their level of digital literacy and awareness beyond self-perceived skills.
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For all knowledge questions, we used the following wording
Transactional Competence covers the ability to handle official online matters: managing government services, digital payments, healthcare arrangements, and document uploads.
AI Competence covers the ability to recognize when websites and apps use artificial intelligence to personalize content and recommendations.
Generative AI competence covers the ability to engage with AI tools like ChatGPT: knowing how to verify AI-generated information, writing effective prompts, detecting AI-generated content, and understanding GenAI’s capabilities and limitations.